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Mary Boyce Temple (July 6, 1856 – May 16, 1929) was an American philanthropist and socialite, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the first president of the Ossoli Circle, the oldest federated women's club in the South, and published a biography of the club's namesake, Margaret Fuller Ossoli, in 1886.〔 She also cofounded the Tennessee Woman's Press and Author's Club, the Knoxville Writer's Club, and the Knox County chapter of the League of Women Voters.〔 She represented Tennessee at various international events, including the Paris Exposition of 1900 and at the dedication of the Panama Canal in 1903.〔 Temple was the founder and long-time regent of the Bonny Kate Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution,〔 and helped launch Knoxville's preservationist movement with her efforts to save Blount Mansion in the 1920s.〔 In her later years, she donated tens of thousands of dollars to the University of Tennessee for agricultural research, and left the bulk of her estate to the university after her death.〔 ==Biography== Temple was born in Knoxville in 1856, the only child of Oliver Perry Temple (1820–1907) and Scotia Caledonia Hume.〔〔 Her father was a powerful Knoxville attorney who, at one point after the Civil War, had the highest personal income in Knox County.〔William MacArthur, Lucile Deaderick (ed.), "Knoxville's History: An Interpretation," ''Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976), p. 34.〕 During Temple's early years, her parents' home, Melrose, was a center of the city's social life, where guests such as Governor William G. Brownlow, presidential candidate John Bell, and Civil War generals John G. Foster and Ulysses S. Grant were entertained.〔Oliver Perry Temple, ''(East Tennessee and the Civil War )'' (Johnson City, Tenn.: The Overmountain Press, 1995), pp. 235, 517.〕 Temple attended Vassar College, graduating with a bachelor of arts in 1877.〔 She spent several years travelling with her ailing mother in search of healthier climates. The two spent time in Europe and the Catskills.〔 In 1885, Temple was elected first president of the Ossoli Circle, a women's literary club founded that year by activist Lizzie Crozier French.〔 The following year, she published a biography of the club's namesake, entitled ''Sketch of Margaret Fuller Ossoli'', which she read before the club.〔 She was later a cofounder of two other literary societies, the Tennessee Woman's Press and Author's Club (1899) and the Knoxville Writer's Club (1907).〔Ruth Moore, Lucile Deaderick (ed.), "Writers and Literary Clubs," ''Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976), pp. 441-442.〕 In 1912, she edited and published ''Notable Men of Tennessee'', a collection of biographies written by her late father.〔 In 1893, Temple organized the Bonny Kate Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, named for Catherine "Bonny Kate" Sherill, the second wife of Tennessee frontiersman John Sevier. She served as regent of this chapter until her death in 1929, with the exception of a couple of years when she was the state DAR regent.〔 She also served as a vice president-general in the DAR's national organization.〔 In 1900, Governor Benton McMillin appointed Temple to represent Tennessee at the Paris Exposition of that year.〔 She also represented the state at international expositions in Stockholm and Rio de Janeiro, and at the opening of the Panama Canal in 1903. She was the lone woman on the Jury of Higher Education at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, and helped organize Knoxville's National Conservation Exposition in 1913.〔Jack Neely, "(The Temple House: Downtown's Last Single-Family Home )," ''Metro Pulse'', 19 October 2006. Accessed at the Internet Archive, 5 October 2015.〕 In 1919, Temple donated $25,000 to the University of Tennessee for the establishment of a plant research foundation in memory of her father.〔 This project developed seed for the state's Farmer's Convention. In 1925, Temple raised $35,000 for the purchase of Blount Mansion, the home of early territorial governor and Constitutional Convention delegate William Blount, which had been threatened with demolition.〔 Her efforts are often considered the beginning of the preservation movement in Knoxville.〔 An ardent suffragist, Temple was president of Knox County's chapter of the League of Women Voters in the early 1920s.〔(Voters Reaffirm Their Confidence In Committee of 18 ), ''Knoxville Journal and Tribune'', 18 August 1923. Newspaper clipping on file at the Calvin M. McClung Digital Collection.〕 She spent her later years entertaining guests at her Knoxville home, and (during winters) at the Mayflower and Willard hotels in Washington, D.C..〔 She died at her house on Hill Avenue in Downtown Knoxville in 1929. Librarian Mary Utopia Rothrock, in a brief biography of Temple in her book, ''The French Broad-Holston Country'', wrote, "Many interesting legends cluster about Miss Temple and her social reign for four decades of Knoxville history."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Boyce Temple」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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